Effective Managment of Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Effective Managment of Change - Research Paper Example The change process was initially started by chairman Vanvelde who was employed in 2000. However, his policies remained quite successful in first 2 years i-e 2001 – 2002 but then failed to eradicate structural issues in the company. The company continued to expand its business operations in both domestic and global markets with the passage of time and diversified its business. The chairman enabled the firm to operate in new markets and improve its financial position by 2004 but internal inefficiencies had still remained a headache for strategic planners. As far as changes in the later period of 2005- 2008 is concerned, it is worthwhile to mention that M&S developed and implemented PLAN A in 2007 under guidance, supervision and leadership of Mr. Stuart Rose to eradicate structural problems and restore its competitiveness in the marketplace. The policies of Mr. Stuart helped in eradicating many management and administrative inefficiencies and restoration of employees’ confidence over strategic planners in M&A. The report will critically evaluate the overall change management and implementation process followed by a detailed SWOT analysis of Marks and Spencer in 2010. The report will also include forecasts about any future changes (and their management) and will finally end up with a conclusion. Change Management is a technique adopted by strategic planners and top managers to improve organisational efficiency, productivity and environment. The strategy is widely used as a part of Restructuring and Reengineering Program within an organisational context to ensure a discrimination organisational culture, open information sharing, shared values and experimentation so that employees can contribute more for goal accomplishment and financial gains. Our company Marks and Spencer is a leading manufacturer / producer, marketer and seller of top quality ready-made garments or apparel, shoes, food

CAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CAD - Essay Example Since the patient had a history of cardiovascular disease, and was also exposed to several risk factors, it would be prudent to carry out an ultra sound screening of carotid plaque. This is done by measuring the carotid intima media thickness using a standard ultra sound protocol. Douglas, Garcia & Haines (2011) state that the ultrasound detection of the carotid plaque has been used in helping asymptomatic patients, while also reducing the risks that may be associated with other screening tools (Platts, Brown & Javorsky, 2010). The other available option is the use of electrocardiograms that measures the electrical activity of the patient’s heart. Due to the fact that the patient in question electrocardiogram is used to measure the functioning of the heart to detect any malfunction. Without this, it may not be possible to determine other heart related conditions that the patient may suffering from. Platts, D., Brown, M., Javorsky, G. (2010). Comparison of fluoroscopic versus real time three- dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic guidance of endomyocardial biopsies. European Journal of Echocardiography, 34(32),

Gender Dimensions Of Punjabi Folklores

Gender Dimensions Of Punjabi Folklores The present study aimed to identify the gender images depicted in riddles posed by women and men of the rural areas. It was assumed that stereotypical images are depicted through riddles and gender images of riddles reveal a great deal about the societal attitudes toward gender and toward structuring the individuals identity and identification of the gender role. And by these riddles, gender roles has been analyzed in which women are seen as submissive, obedient and caregivers whereas the men are considered to be the breadwinners, prominent and strong. The study consisted of collection and documentation of riddles. The present study also intends to identify the contribution of women and men in the formulation of gender specific dimensions through riddles which articulated and reinforce the masculine and feminine images, prevalent in rural society of Punjab. Culture is the way of peoples life, which is consisting of both material as well as ideological components. Culture consist straight patterns of thought and behavior, including values, norm, belief, rules of political organization and economic activity etc. Culture isnt biological inheritance, it passed-on from one generation to the next by learning and oral transmition (Decorse Raymond, 1992). Every culture is different from other and has different cultural values. It is not a creation of single man but emerge through different people who lived there and share land and emotions (Maswan, 1977). Culture is mixture of norms, belief, and values, which are orally transmitted to one generation to another generation. Oral tradition is one of the oldest forms of art in any society that transmitted their values, belief and norms through communication. In world two third of it population are preferred to orally communicate (Kalim, 1978). Every culture has its own values and traditions, Pakistan as a culture contains multi-cultural values and traditions. It has lots of influence by their neighboring cultural areas like Central Asia, Iran, the Arab World and India. Pakistan has strong cultural and historical roots. Modern Pakistan was the land of Indus civilization which was mixture of Persian, Indo-Greek and Islamic cultures. Pakistan has been arranged by the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mongols and the British. Pakistani folklore contains elements of all of these cultures. In Pakistan first phase of folklore was collected and started by British rural (Report of SARRC Tourism of Pakistan, 2010). In Pakistan, because of different culture, the different languages are spoken. Each of the language spoken in Pakistan has unique quality of poems, songs, stories and proverbs which are associated with its cultural norms and values (Ultey, 1968). According to Agarwal, Punjab is a vast plain dotted with thousands of villages that are of great importance to be studied. Like other societies, the rural society of Punjab is a patriarchal society. Patriarchy is a phenomenon which is prevailing in most of the cultures in the world. It is a form of social organization that structures the dominance of men over women where social institutions construct gender differences in the society and women are considered as private or communal property and men as the natural heirs of all power (Agarwal, 1994). Quddus discussed in his research that, Punjabi is traditional language of Pakistan (Punjab) which is spoken since Middle age. The first written Punjabi sample was found in 13th century, which was short verse of Baba Farid Shakar Ganj. By the 16th century; Peeloo, a poet has notable contribution in Punjabi literature, who was also the writer of Mirza Sahiban. In Pakistan, mostly the folklores are prevailing in Punjab (Quddus, 1992). Folklore is a complex meaning of folk, which mean common people, and lore means the knowledge or traditions. Hence folklore is the tradition of common people and it is also a source to express the culture (Ultey, 1968). In oral tradition Folklore is considered as main source of information which moves in multiple generations. In Folklore and folk life, include the all way of living in that particular cultural through which people can become a member of that culture (Hassan, 1995). Research done by Quddus (1992) concluded that folklore plays the significant role to express the culture, through folklores the norms tradition and values are shared form one area to another or one generation to another. In Folklores basically the characteristic of that culture are shown, that also help to expose any culture within a particular population comprising the traditions of that culture, subculture, or group (Quddus, 1992). According to Ultey (1968), folklore helps to understand the past and also often help to shape the present. Folklore is then, is an important oral tradition, transmitted by word of mouth, source of learning in specific culture that starts from lullaby which used to sing when children are very little. Through lullabies, folk stories, proverbs, riddles, actually the roles and norms of that specific culture are transmitted and internalized by the person that how life can spend. These norms and tradition supports person through out the whole life. These folklores are dominating on whole part of mans life like folk song sing at the time of happiness, riddles proverb indirectly give the message of norm and belief (Ultey, 1968). Folklores are the oral literature and are also a form of socialization. Gender roles, in particular, are reflected in legends, tales, and myths etc traditionally shared in oral traditions of particular interest. Folklore oral literature provides a rich source of cultural history and socialization, transmitting and reinforcing messages associated with central values (Allen etal, 2006). Folklores work as vehicle, through which tradition circulate, like tool to transform values from one culture to another culture. Folklores serve both as entertainment as well as socialization, where gender roles and images are depicted. Through folklores the man and women socially accepted role is explained. These roles and duties are slowly changed with passage of time but still practices in any shape in world. Gender images created by folksongs can therefore reveal a great deal about the societal attitudes toward gender (Mahan, 1978). Tempest stated in her research that folklores are the most important tool of socialization as these are sometimes used as stereotype. Different kinds of stereotype roles are being presented through folklores (Tempest, 2001). Munir (1990) described in his research that, in Pakistan large number of unwritten folklores passes orally from generation to generation. The crafts, rituals, legends, epics, ballads, folk tales, songs dances and riddles are still alive today and there main characteristic are the mixture of different culture and region which makes the culture as unique and specific. But fusion of different culture doesnt become the cause of removal of originality of Pakistani culture. The patterns of culture clearly move on its own right way. This diversity and dynamic of cultural make our heritage powerful and alive (Munir, 1990). Shahed said that folk literature is changed and diminished due to urbanization. He stated that in older times folk literature was related to land, peasantry and traditional things but now knowledge is transformed because of urbanization (Shahed, 1993). Folklores have broad ranges of expression. It can be oral, material, and behavioral. folklores include; ballad which is traditional poem or folksong, fairy tales which are traditional stories, conveying stereotypical messages, folk dance are also called ethnic dance that are originated with the common people of the cultural group, folk song is a traditional song that is collected for different occasion and handed down orally, joke is a technique in which game of word play, in humorous way that provoke laughter, legends are traditional historical tales usually containing a mixture of fact and fiction but regarded as true, superstition is an irrational belief usually involving supernatural forces and associated with rituals, folk tales popular tales, which are love stories and mostly tragically ended, Folk games are those games which are traditionally very famous; these are practice and passed from generation to generation and riddles are linguistic puzzle in the form of a question whi ch also containing clues to its solution (Bruchac etal, 2004). Riddle is one of the aspects of folklore which is important medium for transmitting of culture, education, knowledge and skills to children. Riddles play important roles as a means of socialization and social learning. Riddles are actually puzzle, games of words, it can be comprised of one or two sentences or more than that, which can be solved through interaction and symbolic activities (Eastman Kallen, 1979). A riddle is a mysterious statement and description that contains a hidden meaning to be guessed by to whom it is addressed. Riddles also involve analogy of meaning, sound, Rhythm, or tone (Fant, 1985). Mostly riddles are taken as a game and structure of those riddle are like question, through its analyses and definition other people assume the answer. Riddles have binary relation, which has question and answer of it. Riddles are formulated in special sitting, in which two or more then two people sit in one place, one asks the riddles question and other person or persons guess its answer. Mostly these sitting are arranging in some occasion like harvesting, in evening, leisure time, in homes, in field and any other social meeting, where group of people assembled, belong to same culture; know about tradition, belief, etc (Burns, 1976). The riddling can be played in different ages of people. In some tradition only children engage in riddling. In some tradition adults can participate in the riddling of children, in some traditions riddling is mostly an adult hobby. In some traditions, riddling is mostly an activity associated with only males. But in the majority of cultures it is leisure-time activity or traditions, both male and female participate in this activity and they also participate in mixed groups including both women and men while elsewhere females are said to specialize in formulation of riddles. It is general belief that females are more intelligent than man and riddles require intelligence. Riddles mainly based on common household items, crops names, animals names, daily activities, heavenly objects, cultural artifacts, parts of the body, etc. (Green Pepicello, 1984) There are no proper and strict rules and regulations for riddling, that has to follow. But mostly two or three things are arranged before to start riddling, that is to have people who ask question or guess answer, and the event or scenario from which riddle asked. Nevertheless these rules are important, whether it is verbal activity. Riddles functions as umbrella categories, of socialization, entertainment, and education (Burns, 1976). According to Messengers (1960), Riddles are part of folklore so through folklores, culture and tradition are transferred from one generation to another. Riddle inculcates the culture and proper behavior of life in a child. Interesting sessions and repetition of asking riddles mostly memorize the children who repeat it with their friends, or other people and learn them (Messenger, 1960). Research done by Tempest (2001) found that riddles are type of folklores that are used to convey the stereotype messages. These stereotypes are also gender related and these riddles are mostly categorized between boys and girls, sons and daughters (Tempest, 2001). Another function of riddling is entertainment that plays in leisure time which is called leisure-time riddling. Riddling is also play in greeting occasion like marriage ceremony where people are gathered and enjoy their gathering (Burns, 1976). Riddle is usually played by people to entertain themselves during long winter nights. Of course it also helps to measure the intelligence of the people. Another time at which riddles are also played when people busy in field with harvesting they also play riddling for time pass and entertainment etc (Green Pepicello, 1984). According to Ishengoma (2005), riddles have important educational value because they develop critical thinking and memory among young children. It is meant for entertainment and education as well, especially for childs learning. In addition to enjoyment, riddles help in memory training for children as they are expected and encouraged to remember the correct answer to the riddles. They play important role in socialization and social learning of children. But riddles are still prevailing to use for education purpose as device to learn about cultural value, attitudes, and to teach dominant and submissive roles (Ishengoma, 2005). Green Pepicello (1984) discussed in the research that the main role of riddle is socialization of younger generation, that know about the items of daily routine like name of crops help to know about it, then their season of harvesting and using of that crops, these information are internalize through riddle. Riddles helped children to learn about gender roles and duties, their characteristic, culture and tradition according to which they spend their life (Green Pepicello, 1984). On the other side is also criticize that riddle has lacking the capacity to improve the mind, because riddle has stereotype question and answer and mostly answer is already known to the audience (Awedoba, 2000). Riddles have been a rich oral tradition, without doubt, throughout the world. Some societies play it in present times also. Now the concept of riddling is less in urban and rural population, but still play in rural population. Because in rural population has less source of entertainment like video, television, cinema and many others are not available. So people enjoy through riddles (Green Pepicello, 1984). Gender Roles are assigned by different folklores which gives identity. It means these biological and social characteristics become social-identity. These identities are internalizing in every person, and motivated to play these roles which actually culture associated with them, because those roles are socially and culturally accepted (Hassan, 1995). Culture also constructs the gender specific socio-economic differences in roles, responsibilities, constraints, opportunities and needs of men and women. These are set up in opposition to biological sex. Gender is a process of allocation of differences that is varied according to time and space, it needs to be historicized and situated geo-politically but also in terms of other structural variables such as social class, age, race, ethnicity, religion and sexuality. (Eagly, 1987) Gender roles are socially and culturally constructed and are a dynamic term that can be changed over time. Gender roles refer to the rights, responsibilities, expectations, and relationships of men and women. Gender is a logical concept for examining the status of women and men in a culture. Social Construction of gender is an end result of the process of socialization where the values, norms, beliefs, wisdom, philosophy, customs, skills and practices of the society are learned, acknowledged and internalized. (Njau, 1994) Through the process of socialization, values and behavior patterns associated with maleness and femaleness, are learned, acquired and assimilated. Gender roles are affected by socio-cultural expectations, qualities and behaviors that are expected from a male or a female by their society. These expectations originate in the pre-conception that certain qualities and roles are natural for women and unnatural for men. Males and females are socialized through social pressure, learning condition and act according to the different traits that society considers suitable for them. Socialization aims at preparing individuals for their respective roles in society, installing principles, forming individuals and making them practical members of society. Socialization means that people are taught to accept and perform the roles and functions fixed by society for them. Men and women are socialized to accept different gender roles from birth till death. Establishing different roles and expectations for men and women is a key feature of socialization in most societies. While men and women differ on account of their biological and anatomical constitution, gender differences are a product of socio-cultural traditions, which are created and perpetuated through cultural forms such as belief systems and rites as well as through proverbs and tales. (Kabira, 1994) Society is an enduring and cooperating social group, whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with each other. It is also a broad grouping of people having common traditions, collective activities and interests. Social groups develop society. Every society has its own norms, customs and traditions, which depend on its geographical and social culture also. Through socialization individuals, are prepared for their respective roles in society to make them useful members of society (Edgar, 1987). Male family members are considered the breadwinner and head of the household and make decisions for family members. The sexual division of labor is hierarchical with men on top and women on bottom. In Punjabi culture, it is society, who ascribes various roles for men and women in a fixed location and family life is determined by the men folk alone due to the customs of patrilineal character in the families that is found there. Customs and property generally flow from the male persons of the previous generation to the next generation and women of the family have no articulation in family matters. (Quduss, 1992) The study aims to look the functionality and importance of riddles in Punjabi society. The significance of the present study can be used as a source in reviewing the riddles that had been posed in past by village people and will present gender images depicted in riddles. It will also explain how gender is portrayed in these riddles and how this folklore play important role in socialization process. The present study also had a unique dimension as a very few researches had mainly focused on riddles. The purpose to conduct this research is to preserve our cultural-lore which was diminishing with the passage of time. The study would be focused towards collection and analysis of riddles. It was an attempt to capture and understand the feelings of people of the rural society of Punjab.

A Comparison of Love in Beloved and Secrets and Lies Essay -- Movie Fi

The Absence of Love in Beloved and Secrets and Lies  Ã‚   Love is arguably the most powerful emotion possessed by mankind; it is the impalpable bond that allows individuals to connect and understand one another. Pure love is directly related to divinity.   Without love, happiness and prosperity become unreachable goals.   An individual that possesses all the desired superficial objects in the world stands alone without the presence of love. For centuries love has been marveled by all that dare encounter it.   Countless books and poems have been transcribed to explain the phenomenon of love, but love surpasses all intellectual explanations and discussions.  Ã‚   Love is not a definition, but rather a thought, an idea.   This idea, the idea of love, burns inside us all.   Instinctually, every soul on Earth is addicted to love.   An addiction, that unless satisfied will contribute to the downfall of an individual in a society.   If one does not, or is not loved, one can not prosper among a society where love is an essential ing redient to joy and happiness. Love produces healthy relationships that in return produce healthy and secure environments for all its participants. Love allows the connection of two people; it is love that completes an individual.   In Toni Morrisons Beloved, and the motion picture Secrets and Lies, incomplete characters are illustrated and analyzed.   The incompleteness of these characters is a result of the absence of love.   In the text of Beloved and Secrets and Lies, Sethe and Cynthia are characters whose roles portray the rueful outcome of an individual that is incapable of possessing love in its purist form.   Sethe or Cynthia can not correctly express love because neither of them were loved as children. Only ... ...duce her own brother.  Ã‚   Cynthia is self-evidently terribly affected by the paucity of love in her life.   Morris later explains his sister as a victim of someone â€Å"who didn’t receive any love.†Ã‚   (Secrets and Lies) Love is the controlling factor in the lives of every individual, and as portrayed in the novel Beloved and the film Secrets and Lies love is not always pleasant. Characters from both texts find themselves incapable of expressing love, and therefore destroy several potential healthy relationships.   Overall love can be considered divine just as easily as it can be considered evil.   Sometimes the idea of love is lost somewhere, and those who can not manage to find an alternative source of emotion, must endure the pain and suffering of a loveless life.    Bibliography Morrison, Toni. Beloved.   New York:   Penguin Group, 1987. â€Å"Secrets and Lies†   

Internet Cafe Administration and Monitoring System Essay

Internet cafes are very abundant nowadays. Managing networked computers, payment, time in and time out of the client PCs are very important especially to the cafe owner or employee. In a computer cafe, the recording of time is under the responsibility of the cafe owner or employee who must work consistently, timely, efficiently and patiently to make his business work. Since system computerization is becoming a trend, the cafe owner needs a system to serve its customers better and efficiently. How will an Administration and Monitoring System for Ledion Internet and Networking Cafe help the business manage the client pc start and end times efficiently and accurately? Ledion Internet & Networking Cafe have their existing computerized system but is not reliable enough because there are times when the server automatically locks the client pc even when the time was not finished which the owner/employee was obliged to write the time starts and ends of the client pcs in a hard copy of MS Excel sheet. Since the Ledion Internet & Networking Cafe have its 3 branches. The main branch is located in 10th Avenue, Caloocan City near Caloocan City Hall; the other 2 branches are situated near Our Lady of Fatima University and University of Santo Tomas. The owner was not well-informed of what is happening in his other cafes unless he calls the employees in charge in other branches. It is very beneficial for the owner to solve the common problems they encounter on their everyday operation in the cafe.

Response Execution Essay

Creating an emergency response plan is very important in any business. There are different plans for medical, fire, police, and school. The following plans are imperative in any environment. There are many things that will happen and Incident Command System (ICS) will help to provide the responders with an effective system that works. But before we go into the structures, an understanding of an incident command system needs to be addressed. According to OSHA, n.d., â€Å"ICS is a standardized on-scene incident management concept designed specifically to allow responders to adopt an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and demands of any single incident or multiple incidents without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries†. ICS is a sub-model of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), as released by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2004.† An incident command system is referenced to an adaptable, scalable response association w hich provides a general agenda where people can work side by side efficiently. These people may come from many different agencies that do not normally work together, and an incident command system is intended to give regular response and operation procedures to decrease the troubles and possibility for miscommunication on such incidents. ICS has been summed up as a â€Å"first-on-scene† structure, where the first responder is in charge until the situation has been cleared up, a more experienced responder reaches your destination on scene and takes over, or the Incident Commander appoints someone else to take command of the situation. ICS includes measures to select and form provisional management chain of command to control funds, personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. Personnel are allocated according to recognized standards and measures up to that time that were sanctioned by participating powers that be. Incident command system is designed for use or appropriate from the time an incident starts until it is finished or is not needed. The first thing that needs to be done is crate a standard operating procedure. These procedures are â€Å"essential to the effective application of the ICS† (FEMA). They also provide a standard and job descriptions to which everyone should follow. This way everyone will know what their job entails. Also, according to FEMA, 1999, the other first step is to decide who the incident commander is. In most cases of fire, mass casualties, hazardous materials, and other non law enforcement emergency, the fire department is in command. According to FEMA, 1999, if there are multiple jurisdictions that respond, the incident commander is usually the fire department whose jurisdiction the fire is in. Law enforcement is usually responsible for managing all operations related to criminal incidents. Included in this category would be terrorism, bombing, snipers, hostage situations, and other things of this nature. After that, a commander needs to be appointed. This person is usually the one with most experience. The IC’s responsibilities are to access the situati on and/or receive an update from the prior IC. Then the strategy needs to be put into place. This would mean establishing the immediate proprieties. Next a post needs to be formed. Then the IC needs to make sure the panned meetings are being kept to ensure the safety everyone and that everything is going according to plan. Then they approve the use of or elimination of resources. According to FEMA, 1999, the IC is also responsible for the planning for the functions throughout the entire process. The medical field is a very important tool to have at any incident. They are there to provide first aid and any other medical necessities. There are many levels, and levels under these, of resources that are used. According to FEMA, 1999, the first level is stabilization. In this level, the incident commander continues to manage the incident and gives progress reports from the scene. This allows hospitals to know how many beds they are going to need. Demobilization is the next level. In this level, the responders are either sent back to the area they came from, set back in service after they transport a victim, or they are cancelled all together. The last level is termination. In this level, the incident commander decides that no further action is required and everyone is sent back to their units. The next thing we need to look at are the responsibilities of the incident commander. The first one, according to FEMA, 1999, is to rescue all victims. The second is making sure the victims are taken out of the situation and moved to a medical facility. And the third is to make sure the personnel are safe. Next we will look at fire and rescue. The organization of the incident command is almost the same as the medical responders. According to Fire and Rescue, 2008, the following are the organizational areas for fire and rescue: â€Å"Organization on the incident ground, this gives the Incident Commander a recognized system from which to work when organizing and using resources at an Incident, Incident Risk Management, the principal consideration of Incident Commanders is safety of their personnel. Therefore, prior to deciding upon the tactics an assessment of risk must be performed. The Incident Commander must identify the hazards, assess the risks, and implement all reasonable control measures before committing crews into a risk area, and Command Competence, considers the skills knowledge and understanding required by an Incident Commander and the importance of maintaining such competencies.† â€Å"As the incident develops, changing circumstances may make the original course of action inappropriate, for example: fire fighting tactics may change from defensive to offensive or vice versa, new hazards and their associated risks may arise, existing hazards may present different risks, and personnel may become fatigued. Incident commanders, therefore, need to manage safety by constantly monitoring the situation and reviewing the effectiveness of the existing control measures† (Fire Service Operations p. 68). There are six steps in the initial assessment of risk: 1. evaluate the situation at the earliest opportunity, 2. Introduce and declare Tactical mode the simple expression of whether it is appropriate to proceed to work in a hazard area or not. This is a device to enable commanders of dynamic emergency incidents to demonstrate their compliance with the principles of risk assessment and be seen to have done so. 3. Select safe systems of work. The starting point for contemplation must be procedures that have been agreed in pre-planning and training and those personnel available at the incident have sufficient competence to carry out the tasks safely. 4. Assess the chosen system of work, 5. Introduce additional control measures, and 6. Re-assess systems of work and additional control measures. The police are no different. They have a system to follow just like everyone else. According to the free library.com, Incident Command System makes things easier for the administration of critical incidents by arranging the reaction into sections. Any person in the organization can put into operation the Incident Command System into its full arrangement. The person who makes the first move to coordinate the Incident Command System response more often than not takes control on the scene, at the emergency command center, or at the field command post and is converted into the incident commander. Unless officially relieved, the incident commander remains in charge is the single person who is in charge and makes the decisions. Everything goes through them. The incident commander watches over the complete operation through sectors, or branches, which provide a manageable span of control. Sectors can be deleted, added, made bigger or smaller, or anything else that is needed during an incide nt. There are some that might not be needed at all during a specific incident. For instance, sectors often are elected logistics, operations, personnel, and intelligence. Incident Command System deployment during a major vehicle crash would not have need of the services of the intelligence sector. The staff would organize the needs of the equipment. This would include the vehicles necessary to aid in the incident. Leaders of each individual sector would let the incident commander know of thing or services they might need, permitting the incident commander without difficulty to match resources to existing circumstances or predict future demands. Checklists make certain that sector leaders complete necessary tasks during the emergency. Given the demands placed on personnel at the scene, sector leaders easily could fail to notice a possible resource or legal or departmental obligation. While not crucial in all deployments, the emergency command center (ECC(1) (Error-Correcting Code) A type of memory that corrects errors on the fly. See ECC memory. (2) (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) A public key cryptography method that provides fast decryption and digital signature processing. †¦.. Click the link for more information.) generally works in conjunction with Incident Command System. It also may be a separate function under the ICS umbrella. Characteristically, the ECC is stationed in one department’s command center or another central location, but it can be located anywhere sensible. Commanding officers from every agency involved in the incident should staff the ECC. They also have different response levels. They are: â€Å"Level I incidents require that one or two officers resolve minor traffic accidents, make arrests, or conduct light crowd control, level II incidents require the assistance of three or more officers. They usually involve several agencies and may cross jurisdictional boundaries. Examples include collisions that results in road closures or evacuations, and level III incidents involve three or more officers from multiple shifts, require support from other bureaus, districts, or agencies, and demand a significant response to contain, control, and recover from the emergency. Bombings and riots represent two types of Level III incidents† (â€Å"Incident Command Systems for Law Enforcement,† 2013). The Incident Command System is a straightforward yet exceedingly efficient technique of getting ready for critical incidents. It endorses a synchronized reaction to emergencies. It is an suitable resource because it provides a middle point for communication, authority, and control. Training is important because it trains the responders on what to expect. Careful Thorough record keeping keeps investigations on the right path and makes available an easy way to assess agencies’ response. At any given time, police somewhere in the world are organizing the on-scene actions of an emergency. Labor, facilities, equipment, and communication are among the countless issues they must consider to alleviate and control such incidents. When seconds count, Incident Command Systems let agencies handle emergencies promptly and assertively. References FEMA, 1999, Incident Command System for Emergency Medical Services, Student Manual. United States Fire Administration National Fire Academy. Fire Service Operations. (2008). Fire and Rescue Manual, 2(), . https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7643/incidentcommand.pdf. Incident Command Systems for Law Enforcement. (2013). In Free dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Incident+Command+Systems+for+Law+Enforcement.-a054061498 OSHA. (n.d.). Incident Command System. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/what_is_ics.html