The Influences of Curleys Wife on the Development of John...

Curleys wife is an essential character for the development of John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, even though mysterious and nameless, she portrays the women of the 1930s, as well as emphasises their objectification and undermining. Curleys wife is also of great importance for developing the themes of dreaming as well as their downfall, the desire to be free and independent or essentially the American Dream. Finally, she also develops the theme of loneliness in the novel, as well as the theme of bitterness; her conversations with other characters in the novel greatly show this aspect of her and contribute to the novel in many ways, making Curleys wife one of the most influential and symbolic characters in Of Mice and Men.†¦show more content†¦Women at the time are just seen as prizes or property of their husbands; and especially during the Great Depression, when most marriages were made out of financial means other than love. Steinbeck does place an interesting element i n Curleys wife; she dreams of becoming a famous actress, which is why she acts and dresses the way she does. This fantasy is her deepest secret, which she acknowledges to Lennie just before her death. The reader realises that maybe Curleys wife understands that she is never going to have the freedom and fantasy she dreams of, she keeps saying she couldve been a movie star†¦ couldve been famous†¦ couldve worn the clothes they wear, she realises she cant do those things and is stuck in a ranch full of men and a husband she hates. Curleys wife admits she dont like Curley, and would do anything to get out of that ranch. She has to recognise that her sexuality and gender is the only thing she can use to gain the attention she hopes for. The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a dream of in which each man and each woman shall be able to achieve the

Bcom/230 Memo Review Free Essays

Memorandums are a versatile form of business communication. They can range from inform, such as the University of Phoenix Material: Accounting Memo, to the formal; which would be the reply memo that would be sent to the Vice President. The degree of their formality can vary widely, so in writing the reply the sender much pay close attention to various types of information he/she should omit/include, the type of jargon used, and any potential repercussions in failing to know his/her audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Bcom/230 Memo Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Corrections. There are various corrections that need to be made throughout the memorandum. To include the following in the Heading: †¢To: Mr. /Mrs. Smith, V. P. †¢From: Andrew Jones (He would also include his initials) †¢Department: Accounting (Being his senior officer the Vice President may not know who Andrew Jones is) †¢CC: Joe Accountant (Include the the partner he was working on the project with) †¢Date: January 28, 2013 The Subject line would also not be included in the heading, but several spaces down from the heading. Where the original sender included a greeting of â€Å"TEAM-MATE† should be omitted because it is unnecessary and out of place. This is the type of greeting that should be included in an email or letter. This is where the subject line should be included. To read: †¢Subject: Last In/First Out Vs. First in/First Out Inventory Review Jargon. The sender needs to be careful of his/her use of accounting specific terms such as LIFO, FIFO, COGS, and PL Statements because they are everyday terms used by accountant, this can create confusion if the recipient does not know the term. An easy solution would be to define the word or spell it the first time then proceed with acronyms proceeding. Repercussions. The repercussions that a person may face when failing to know ones audience is that you run the risk of writing the wrong type of message formal when informal should be used, or informal when formal should be used. This could lead from something as little as embarrassment to reprimand. Other possible scenarios are that your message is misunderstood and not convey because your audience did not understand the meaning of what you were saying. Conclusion. Memos can be a simple message to another co-worker, or a formal message to the Vice President of the company, but as long as you know how to address your audience, be careful of the word choice, and know what information is important for your audience; you should be able to write a clear, concise memorandum. How to cite Bcom/230 Memo Review, Essay examples

International Review of Management and Business Research

Question: Discuss about the Facts and terms for International Review of Management and Business Research. Answer: Research Reflection Report My Response 1. Research Method and process I have made an effective secondary research based on the case study of Pret a manger. In order to collect sufficient data and information, I have used appropriate research methodology. Research method is one of the major parts of a research based on which necessary data and information are gathered for accomplishing the project. While conducting this particular research I have used post positivism research philosophy, deductive approach and descriptive research design. I have conducted an effective research on the case study of Pret a manger. In order to collected sufficient data and information I have collected some books and journals of different renowned scholars who have provided their in-depth overview about the importance of organizational culture and behavior on the performance of employees as well as on the psychology of the employees. I have applied positivism philosophy for this particular project in order to accumulate data and information. I as a positivist believe that observation is repeatable whereas the phenomenon is isolated. With the help of repeated observation, I was able to get the essence of data. In addition, the entire project that I have conducted is of low cost. I have made a keen observation regarding the business strategies and policies of business organizations for maintaining organizational behavior. The books and journals of renowned scholars have helped me immensely in order to accomplish the research effectively. Positivism philosophy is the only one with the help of which I have made this repeated observation from case studies for collecting necessary data and information. Research approach is nothing but the process of showing a proper gesture and attitude based on which I intended to collect data and information. In this major project, I have utilized the positive aspects of deductive approach. Deductive approach is completely based on case study. Before conducting the entire research work, I have gone through the case study of Pret a manger. Brand essence, product price and the contribution of the employees for rendering the success of organization are the primary aim of this specific research. As per the experience gathered from the case study, I can evaluate that organizational culture and behavior is highly dependent on the psychology of employees. A business organization is dealt with the employees from various cultures and backgrounds. Therefore, linguistic barriers, psychological barriers come among the employees. They feel least interested to share important information with each other. This ultimately hampers the entire process of business organization. Therefore, before recruiting an individual employee, the human resource managers should provide a clear knowledge about the importance of organizational culture and behavior. In addition, while conducting the research methodology process I have used secondary source of data in order to make the research paper more effective. While collecting secondary source of data and information I have gone through the articles of some conspicuous scholars who have left their opinion regarding the organizational culture and behavior, the importance of effective customer service system at the workplace. Secondary data collection procedure is constituted with several types that include case study analysis, observational analysis, thematic analysis and focus group analysis (Dauber, Fink and Yolles 2012). Case study analysis is based on the case study of a particular person or a business organization. This specific research has focused to deal with the case study of Pret a manger. After evaluating the point of views of some of the renowned scholars, I have come into a sound conclusion. I have critically evaluated the positive and negative impact of organizational culture on the performance of employees. The importance of marketing mix for promoting the organizational products and services has also been highlighted in this particular case study. 2. Literature and Sources I have gone through the article Impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: an overview published by Shahzad et al. (2012) in order to get an in-depth overview about the point of views of different scholars. This article has primarily focused to highlight the positive impacts of organizational culture. Organizational culture is nothing but the ethics, beliefs and values of a particular business organization based on which the managers tend to run their business in the current market. Employees after getting involved within the entire process of business need to have a clear knowledge about the organizational values and ethics. New comers should always get an effective training on how to maintain organizational culture at the workplace. This particular article has also focused to highlight the impact of implementing diversity management at the workplace. Both the positive as well as negative impacts of implementing diversity management have been pointed out here. From the previous literature review I have pointed out that, the author has primarily emphasized on the negative impact of diversity management that hampers organizational culture and behavior. In my own literature review, I have focused to discuss on two theories primarily based on which the employees can understand about the importance of organizational behavior. Behavioral theory is one of the most effective theories that every employee should follow at the time of performance. This particular theory believes that employees have to be accustomed with the changing process of technology as well as environment. With the dynamic progress of civilization, the needs and demands of the employees change rapidly. Therefore, employees should maintain organizational behavior by accepting the current needs of customers. I personally believe that customer satisfaction is one of the most vital factors of maintaining organizational image. Therefore, customers can be satisfied only when the empl oyees tend to maintain a decent culture at the workplace. The communication among the employees, the integrity, their ways of approach towards each other reflects on the employee performance (Erkutlu 2012). Therefore, every business organization should follow behavioral theory emphatically. In addition, in my major project I have mentioned motivational theory as well. The employees can perform well towards the business service only when they get enough motivation and enthusiasm from the managers. As per my point of view, business managers should implement participative leadership style at the workplace. With the help of participative leadership style, employees get the opportunity to share their own point of views regarding the business goal. Managers before making a particular business strategy and policy like to involve the employees in order to know their point of views (Khan and Rashid 2012). Consequently, employees feel themselves motivated to provide effective service to the organization. Therefore, implementing motivation theory inside the process of business is highly important to get the best services from employees. In order to justify my opinion, I have pointed out the views of some of the eminent scholars. I have experienced that the point of views of eminent scholars have a major contribution for making my evaluation and analytical ability stronger. Their in-depth way of expression about the importance of organizational behavior and culture has taught me to learn how to analysis a critical literature being completely unbiased towards anyone. In addition, I have gathered immense knowledge about the effectiveness of behavioral theory as well as motivational theory. I have highlighted the previous literature review in order to find some of the major gaps. The author in this specific article did not mention positive impact of maintaining organizational culture. While I was dealing with literature review part, I have tried to recover the previous literature review gap. 3. My Knowledge After conducting the entire research work, I have gained immense knowledge from different perspectives. Firstly, I have understood from the case study analysis on how organization should maintain employee behavior and discipline at the workplace. It has been observed that employees have to face immense challenges in order to adjust with the people of various culture and background. Communication barriers in between the employees hamper the rhythmic flow of business. They have stated in this regard that managers as well have to face immense difficulties in order to take an important decision due to the psychological gap in between the employees. People of different culture and background cannot respect each others values and beliefs. As a result, organizational culture and discipline are hampered. However, after evaluating the case study I have come into a conclusion that employees should know the essence of behavioral theory while working at the organization. While collecting data from numerous journals, I have come to know that organizational success is highly dependent on the performance of employees. The customer service system plays a major role in it. If employees stay connected with each other by sharing necessary information, the customers are highly benefited and facilitated. Furthermore, I have learnt at the time of conducting the major project that participants intend to provide sufficient data and information only when they consider the research issue logical and vital for current generation. They have also realized that employee performance is getting hampered day-by-day due to some of the major reasons. Maintaining organizational culture and behavior are one of the most effective reasons for good performance of the employees. Therefore, I have received a full co-operation and support from the employees as well as from the managers for providing relevant data. 4. My Learning While undertaking an MBA program, I have learnt the importance of management for running a business organization properly. Management is undoubtedly one of the prestigious parts of a business organization that keeps a constant control over the entire process of business. The persons who tend to handle the management division must have business administrative background so that they can control different hardships with the business process. MBA professionals know how to deal with the customers as well as employees by maintaining professionalism in their gesture and attitude. I have also learnt from the MBA program why the managers should maintain employee relation at the workplace. The interpersonal communication in between the managers and the employees has to be strong so that employees can feel free to share their opinion regarding the business goal. As a result, employees tend to show their interest to provide an effective service to the customers. That is one of the most vital r easons of maintaining employment relation at the workplace. MBA program is the platform where all these positive aspects of business administration have been highlighted. While conducting my research on the case study of Pret a manger, I have utilized those aspects that I have learnt from MBA program. Many eminent scholars who had delivered valuable speeches on the importance of having MBA degree for running an organization have been highlighted in my literature review. In this particular part, I have pointed out that why the employees need to maintain organizational ethics at the time of performance. At the time of utilizing deductive approach within the process of business, I have made an effective case study on Pret a manger regarding the employee satisfaction level. I have learnt from the organizational case study that diversity management has become a major issue for the business organization as it has both positive as well as negative impact. Human resource managers should recruit the employees as per their skill and competency rather than their cultural background. If I personally get a scope to apply my knowledge in the practical field that I have learnt from the major project, I would like to suggest of implementing diversity management at the workplace in different way based on which the employees do not have to suffer difficulties in maintaining organizational culture and behavior. I would like to suggest the human resource managers to recruit those employees within the business process who are comfortable enough to deal with the people of different culture and attitude. In addition, the management can provide an effective training to the employees regarding the importance of diversity management for rendering the success of a business organization. After receiving an effective training, the employees would try their best to respect each others culture and belief. As a result, the unity within the organization would be maintained. The employees would be able to perform well in an effective business organization. As per the point of view of (Hu et al. 2012), diversity management is not the only way for maintaining organizational culture and behavior at the workplace. The managers have to conduct interpersonal communication at least once in a week, provide repeated training for grooming them up and arrange reward ceremony at least once in a year so that employees get motivation to perform well. 5. Critical thinking of your ideas Before conducting a research on this particular topic, I was not aware of many relevant facts and information. In literature review part, I have critically analyzed the opinions of some of the eminent scholars who have left immense contributions for evaluating effectives theories such as behavioral theory, motivational theory, consistency theory and so many. As per the point of views of some of the eminent authors, I have evaluated that organization can never succeed without the response of employees (Awadh and Alyahya 2013). In order to get a full response from the employees, organization should follow some of the major steps. Implementing democratic leadership at the workplace is one of the major steps that the organizational managers should strictly follow. Democratic leadership allows the employees to share their own opinion regarding the business goal. The managers never tend to impose their decision on the employees. At the time of forming business strategy, the managers shoul d take a collective decision regarding business target meeting. In that particular decision making process, both the managers and the employees have equal contribution for the success of business organization. After conducting the entire research work, I have realized that I could have used post-positivism philosophy rather than only positivism. With the help of positivism philosophy, I have collected data and information that are based on repeated observation. I have observed from the case study in order to know the organizational culture and behavior of this particular company. After making a keen observation from different perspectives, I have interpreted data and information for accomplishing the research perfectly. On the other hand, post-positivism philosophy is more updated and modified where only observation is not sufficient for conducting a perfect research work. When observation is amalgamated with appropriate evidence, the entire process is called post-positivism philosophy. In addition, with the help of post-positivism philosophy, I could collect more current and updated data and information from numerous sources. Furthermore, apart from behavioral theory and motivational the ory I should give emphasize on consistency theory as well in order to deal with the entire project more perfectly. 6. Barriers Meet While conducting the research as well as the major project I faced innumerable barriers in order to collect proper source of information. The first barrier that I had faced while collecting data was selecting proper article to provide appropriate data regarding the research issue. At the time of dealing with the participants, I had faced innumerable challenges to get sufficient information only from the case study and some of the few articles. Therefore, I tried my best to collect information form secondary resources especially from books and journals. I had to face immense difficulties to accomplish the entire project by depending on secondary data resources only. With the help of secondary data resources, I had to depend on journals and books reviews only. As a result, I failed to collect the opinions of various employees as well as organizational managers about the practical experiences. Bookish definition was not sufficient for conducting this research effectively. Therefore, I had to invest immense time for searching appropriate data from secondary data resources. On the other hand, among the four processes of secondary data collection method I intended to use case study analysis. Case study was based on Pret a manger. In this particular case study, the importance of organizational culture and behavior has been pointed out from different perspectives. I had to face a major obstacles to come into a conclusion about the which particular opinion should I receive for an ideal concept for my research paper. This case study provide d important data and information regarding the business goal. As a result, the barriers that I faced at the time of conducting the research, was achievable. I tried my best to overcome the obstacles of major project effectively. In addition, due to the limited time, I had to select secondary data analysis. As a result, I could not get the opportunity to receive a feedback from the employees of various organizations in order to know their reactions regarding the importance or implementing organizational culture and behavior. With the help of survey method, I could have interacted with the employees directly. I have missed this scope in this research due to limited time. As a result, I had to face immense difficulties for collecting sufficient data and information from various journal articles. 7. Professional development The entire research work has helped me to improve my personal skill and competency. I have acquired number of management skill after interacting with the managers of various business organizations. In addition, I came to know that leadership style and organizational ethics are the most two important factors for maintaining organizational behavior. Before conducting the research, I was unable to make an effective communication with others. I used to fumble and falter before establishing my point of views. At the time of collecting secondary data, I had to interact with the people from various culture and attitude. As a result, I also came to know how to present myself amidst the group of people. In addition, the impact of participative leadership style, effective interpersonal communication at the workplace, maintaining organizational culture and ethics within the organization are some of the necessary factors in order to gain the organizational success and reputation. Therefore, if I am appointed in the post of a business manager in a particular organization, I would like to implement these management strategies and policies within my organization. In addition, this particular research helps to teach me why business organizations tend to provide effective training to the employees. Generally, one particular new comer after joining within a business organization is not able to become accustomed with the new organizational environment. In this kind of situation, this new comer hesitates to interact with the employees as well as managers. In order to make those new comers flexible and groomed with the professional environment, the company tends to provide an effective training. Whenever, I would get a scope to run a business organization I would like to provide business training to all my seniors. In addition, after interacting with some of organizational managers, my communication skill, my way of approach, my voice modulation have been improved. 8. Objectives The primary objectives of undertaking MBA program is to To acquire detail knowledge and skill about the importance of having business administration degree for running an organization successfully To provide knowledge what is the difference between a trained manager and an untrained manager To critically evaluate why a business organization should have a management division As per my first research objective, I have gone through an article of Eccles, Ioannou and Serafeim (2012) about the importance of having management degree for running an organization successfully. As per the point of views of these scholars, it can be stated that a person having management degree is more efficient to make an effective interaction with the employees. Organizational managers should know very well how to get a good performance from the employees that renders organizational success. Therefore, the employees even feel free to share their problems with the managers regarding their job profile. An untrained employee would never be able to maintain that rapport with the existing staff. Therefore, from this specific answer, it is clear and evident that trained manager is always effective for a business organization to maintain its discipline and behavior at the workplace. While making an effective interview with the business administrative manager, I came to know that management tends to keep a constant control over the entire process of business. If a particular employee fails to perform well, management has to take an immediate action in order to come back this person into the rhythmic flow. Therefore, in order to record the growth of business process, the importance of management division for a particular business organization is truly undeniable. Therefore, the objectives that I have set for my major projects have been fulfilled successfully. 9. Findings and outcome It is expected that my major project would definitely help the future employers in order to make them understand about the importance of organizational culture and behavior, the role of managers, importance of promotion and marketing mix at the workplace. The employers before running an organization would like to implement organizational ethics, values and beliefs for maintaining a discipline at the workplace. In addition, employees would come to realize how the organizational culture motivates an employee personally for performing well. As a result, the future employers before setting a business plan would focus on maintaining organizational structure and policy first. The entire study has focused to deal with the importance of organizational culture and behavior for the success of a business growth. After completing the entire project, I have realized that the entire research issue has intended to focus on a specific part that includes organizational cultural effects. The importance of diversity management, the impact of participative leadership style has already been pointed out. Therefore, I should focus to discuss on the impact of maintaining organizational behavior on the performance of employees as well as on the satisfaction level of customers. My research has already missed the part of customer satisfaction level. Reference List Awadh, A.M. and Alyahya, M.S., 2013. Impact of organizational culture on employee performance.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(1), p.168. Dauber, D., Fink, G. and Yolles, M., 2012. A configuration model of organizational culture.Sage Open, p.2158244012441482. Eccles, R.G., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2012.The impact of a corporate culture of sustainability on corporate behavior and performance(No. W17950). National Bureau of Economic Research. Erkutlu, H., 2012. The impact of organizational culture on the relationship between shared leadership and team proactivity.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(1/2), pp.102-119. Hu, Q., Dinev, T., Hart, P. and Cooke, D., 2012. Managing employee compliance with information security policies: The critical role of top management and organizational culture.Decision Sciences,43(4), pp.615-660. Khan, S.K. and Rashid, M.Z.A., 2012. The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment in the Organizational Culture, Leadership and Organizational Justice Relationship with Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study of Academicians in Private Higher Learning Institutions in Malaysia.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(8). Shahzad, F., Luqman, R.A., Khan, A.R. and Shabbir, L., 2012. Impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: an overview.Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business,3(9), p.975. Shao, Z., Feng, Y. and Liu, L., 2012. The mediating effect of organizational culture and knowledge sharing on transformational leadership and Enterprise Resource Planning systems success: An empirical study in China.Computers in Human Behavior,28(6), pp.2400-2413.

Lab Report Pleurococcus Sample

Lab Report Pleurococcus Paper Leonardo line 8 RAM Lab report Measuring of fluoroscopes Background information fluoroscope is an extensive algae,it depending on the kind of environment an d produces the amount of plectrums depending on the environment. It allows you to use a small plots measuring the distribution and allocation of reality to identify relevant environmental factors organisms. 2. Aim / Research Question / Problem i am going to study about the how it affect the plant or tree, I a m using the quadrant to measure the distribution of organism p larcenous and what can effects the amount of the fluoroscopes. Hypothesis i will be expecting that having the same result,l expect that using differ .NET tree of different fluoroscope will have different results because we dont know if the tree has the same age, water, sunlight, shadow, and wind etc 4. Variables Independent Variable changing the type of tree to get the different Palermo cuscus and getting differentially of distribution that measure on the fluoros cope on the tree. Dependent Variable will be using the same amount of water, sunlight, wind and the age of the tree should be the same to make sure the experiment is using the Sam quantity and form the amount of pluperfects depending on the type Controlled Variable(s) the same amount of temperature, same environment so the amount of the fluoroscopes depends on the type if the tree, every thing can be controlled in the green house. Effects of fluoroscope Light: is required for photosynthesis Variable Moisture/humidity: if it is too dry, the Fluoroscope will become too dry and die out, as they are green plants and require humidity/ moisture to survive. Wind: It can transport moisture. However, it could bring about drying out and death of the algae. Temperature Amount of rainfall that runs down the tree. If it is too much, it washes off the Plutocracy 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Pleurococcus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Pleurococcus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Pleurococcus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Materials Quadrant (10 x 10 squares) Compass 5 types of tree Meter ruler pencil( to write down the result of it) paper( to write on it on the paper) 7. Diagram 7. Evaluation This subject is very interesting, but was pity that we didnt had an expert meet, even it will take a lot of time to do, it will be fun, However if we do it the results could have been affected because the light, winds, etc.

Free Essays on Pakistan Economy

Pakistan ECONOMY Salient Features: Low-income country with promising growth but transition to middle-income nation held back by chronic problems including rapidly rising population, sizable government deficits, heavy dependence on foreign aid, large military expenditures, and recurrent governmental instability. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): In FY 1993, equivalent of US$50.8 billion, or about US$408 per capita; GDP growth rate averaged 5.3 percent a year between 1950 and 1993. Agriculture: Declined over the past four decades from 53 percent of GDP in 1950 to 25 percent of GDP in FY 1993, but still employs about 48 percent of labor force. Notable for having world's largest continuous irrigation canal system. Industry: Leading growth component of economy, industry (including mining, manufacturing, and utilities) accounted for about 21.7 percent of GDP in FY 1993, up from 8 percent in FY 1950, and employed 13 percent of labor force. Services: Services, including construction, trade, transportation and communications, and other services, accounted for 53.3 percent of GDP in FY 1993 and employed 39 percent of labor force. About 7 percent of civilian work force employed in construction, 13 percent in trade, 5 percent in transportation, and 14 percent in other services. Energy: Firewood, bagasse, and dung major energy sources. Small crude oil production; over 90 percent of petroleum requirements imported. Natural gas, oil, and hydroelectric power major domestic commercial energy sources. Substantial deposits of poor-quality coal. Energy supplies constrain industrialization in mid-1990s. Foreign Trade: United States and Japan largest trading partners. In FY 1993 United States accounted for 13.7 percent of Pakistan's exports and 11.2 percent of its imports. Japan accounted for 6.6 percent of exports and 14.2 percent of imports. Germany, Britain, and Saudi Arabia important trading partners. Hong Kong important export market. China si... Free Essays on Pakistan Economy Free Essays on Pakistan Economy Pakistan ECONOMY Salient Features: Low-income country with promising growth but transition to middle-income nation held back by chronic problems including rapidly rising population, sizable government deficits, heavy dependence on foreign aid, large military expenditures, and recurrent governmental instability. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): In FY 1993, equivalent of US$50.8 billion, or about US$408 per capita; GDP growth rate averaged 5.3 percent a year between 1950 and 1993. Agriculture: Declined over the past four decades from 53 percent of GDP in 1950 to 25 percent of GDP in FY 1993, but still employs about 48 percent of labor force. Notable for having world's largest continuous irrigation canal system. Industry: Leading growth component of economy, industry (including mining, manufacturing, and utilities) accounted for about 21.7 percent of GDP in FY 1993, up from 8 percent in FY 1950, and employed 13 percent of labor force. Services: Services, including construction, trade, transportation and communications, and other services, accounted for 53.3 percent of GDP in FY 1993 and employed 39 percent of labor force. About 7 percent of civilian work force employed in construction, 13 percent in trade, 5 percent in transportation, and 14 percent in other services. Energy: Firewood, bagasse, and dung major energy sources. Small crude oil production; over 90 percent of petroleum requirements imported. Natural gas, oil, and hydroelectric power major domestic commercial energy sources. Substantial deposits of poor-quality coal. Energy supplies constrain industrialization in mid-1990s. Foreign Trade: United States and Japan largest trading partners. In FY 1993 United States accounted for 13.7 percent of Pakistan's exports and 11.2 percent of its imports. Japan accounted for 6.6 percent of exports and 14.2 percent of imports. Germany, Britain, and Saudi Arabia important trading partners. Hong Kong important export market. China si...

Money Laundering and Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Money Laundering and Corruption - Essay Example The government and various financial institutions have made significant efforts of preventing and detecting and fraud issues. This is  when making transactions issues that involve dirty money. Corruption is a moral impunity that involves embezzlement of funds and bribery issues. The government employs operational issues such as use of the FATF for investing corruption and conducting money laundering as well as asset tracing investigations. The Risks Posed By Money Laundering and Corruption to the Global Financial System and International Business Money laundry and corruption pose varied risks towards global financial system and international business. Laundering of money and corruption are interrelated because they both pose risks to customers  and their  products or transaction made and also impose risk to geographical risk factors in varied ways. There are many highlighted cases that have posed risks to many economies across the globe. Therefore, FATF has made considerable ef forts of preventing money laundering and corruption. Therefore, their independent organization have implemented anti monetary laundry and combating terrorist financing activities in order to reduce the risks that may arise from these threats. Understanding risk posed by these threats is significant. This is because it enables the government to provide recommendation for a  reporting entity  to implement  the risk  management systems and assess the level of enhanced due diligence (EDD) in order to reduce risks. Customer Risk Factors Money laundry and corruption issues expose political people and other public official to risks. The measures employed in money laundry are intended to encourage entities to report risk sensitive issues existing in the entity or exposing politically persons to high-risk to customers. The politically exposed persons (PEPs) status does not reveal that a person is corrupt or incriminated for being corrupt, but it reveals the potential risks money laun dering contribute to customers and their transaction process. The risk that corrupt PEP poses to the financial system is seen as one way of putting customers under risk especially when they are making transactions (Karsten 2003, p.15). Business relationships with PEPs contribute to increased customer risks because of increased possibility that an individual is holding. For instance, politicians may misuse authority by influencing their personal gain with an aim of achieving their own advantage. Moreover, the nature of the position may lead to customer risk factors. Someone holding a position in a certain office may have a substantial opportunity and authority of assessing the funds or assets of the state. He or she can take control over the government resources including setting money for combating terrorism issues and other activities; thus exposing customers to greater risks. For instance, the court case of Nicolau Dos Santos Neto, the ex-president of Brazil is one of the incidenc es that reveal the corruption nature of PEPs (FATF Report 2012, p.14). The actual corruption vulnerability may vary depending  upon the extent to which they exercise authority in the hierarchy. It is significant to recognize that not all PEPs cause risks to customers.

Three short essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Three short essays - Essay Example This will indeed reflect on the performance of the firm as growing, startling or diminishing. Managerial capitalism as Chandler suggests, is a structure where an enterprise is controlled with managerial skills (Chandler and Alfred, 1984:476). This is a system that has been used by a number of organisations and firms since the nineteenth century, especially in the United States and Great Britain. As a fact, the stakeholders and owners are not in control of their enterprise. Therefore, the performance of an enterprise will solely depend on the managers. The administration of all activities in an enterprise is the work of the managers, which is reflected on the end results. Managers that have apt managerial skills are on the forefront of recording success in an enterprise. As such, they will give adorable results in each financial year. However, managers that do not have the required skills are likely to reflect negative results. On the other hand, Taylorism is a form of management wher e main objectives of an enterprise or firm are stipulated for economic efficiency (Dunning and Boyd, 2003:129). In this type of management, labour productivity is instilled by using scientific forms which have analysed ways of flowing activities. In such a manner, most of the activities of a firm are done according to the laid out criterion. Similarly, some organisations chose to use Fordism and bureaucracy in management. Fordism involves industrialised forms of production, which are geared towards making a massive production. These forms are mostly industrialised to make work easier. However, bureaucracy in management involves an administration that executes legal rules and enforces them to make an achievement in the organisation. These administration rules are socially organised by the administration. All these managerial administrations are core concepts in controlling and managing an enterprise, which reflects on the performance. These are historical concepts that have been used by many organisations. Some organisations encompass several managerial concepts depending on how they work and the success of each one of them. Therefore, it is in the best interests of a firm to choose on the best concept to use, especially when they need to amass resources for their development (Ryrvik, 2011:62). For instance, in managerial capitalism, all the managers have the right to make decisions in a firm. The stakeholders do not have to change such decisions as they do not have a right. On the other hand, in bureaucracy management, all the stakeholders and mangers have to settle down for a unanimous decision. As such, all the people that are in the firm have to make decisions for the firm. On the other hand, Taylorism and Fordism involves scientific ways of management. These are structured ways that ensure a firm is developing accordingly. Changes are only made with reference to these scientific ways. As Hall and Soskice state, each of these methods is fundamental in makin g a firm or enterprise progress. As much as firms continue to conduct their business, some problems may occur. In such instances, there should be generations of solutions. For instance, when there is a problem in a firm that embraces Fordism and Taylorism, they have to look for structured ways that will help avert the situation. However, in a firm that embraces bureaucracy and managerial capitalism, the management is the core subject to structure the solution. Topic

RTI Act Case Study Essay Example for Free

RTI Act Case Study Essay In spite of the fact that India has won its battle of independence in the year 1947 making democracy its weapon, unfortunately, the truth was something else. The power was handed over to the politicians and democrats, not to the common man then. There were multiple instances to question the right to information as it was in practice with the backdrop of the society we lived in. Some Information about Right to Information Act in India: On 12th October, 2005 the scenario had changed as through the right to information RTI act, common people got their right to raise question. It gives the power to throw question to the government directly and the concerned authority has to reply back within 30 days with proper explanation. RTI Act not only covers the executives rather the judiciary and legislature are also under its strict regulations. There is no gap in the process of formatting a corruption free and transparent government. It defines the term â€Å"public authority† as the government is answerable to the supreme authority of common people. Let’s know Right to Information Act: What is RTI act? Democracy makes a country answerable to the common people. People elect the power to lead not to rule over. Without any province to answer any power can be misused and common people can be victimised easily. Right to information Act makes the elected power answerable to common people. To answer what is rti act, one simple phrase can be used- â€Å"law of transparency†. It is the weapon of a citizen to question so that the answer can throw light into the matter. Government is bound to answer if any question arises on the functioning. The accountability of any government can be questioned. The act not only has empowered citizens to answer government authorities but also reduces corruption a lot. Citizens have the power to inspect and take notes on several tasks on the part of authorities so that they can analyze the performance. Even they can have copies of documents if they need to prove some unethical provisions. What Makes RTI Act Beneficial? Indian constitution permits its citizen to speak and express without any fear. How can a person speak against the government if he or she does not have enough information? A victimized citizen can feel but without information he or she is helpless to do anything. Right to information act in india is a recognition of democracy that requires informed citizenry and transparency of information just for a better functioning. How to use RTI ? This revolutionary act gives immense power to the hands of common people but still it’s been completely utilized. They stay away from utilizing this powerful tool just because of some wrong information regarding the process of implementation. But this is not so tough to know how to get information under right to information act. Just a single handwritten query is enough from your end to get your concerned. Information from the government authority. Even this act makes a common man so powerful that the person doe not need to show any reason why he or she needs such information.

An Entry in Juliet’s Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party Essay

An Entry in Juliet’s Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party (remember, Juliet is just 14)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dearest Diary,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tonight I met him. He was so beautiful! He even has a name that would roll of one’s tongue†¦.Romeo. How wonderful of a sound that brings to my ears. I wish, I hope, in fact, I know that he is my lord. The one and only lord that I want to have for my entire life. And, can you believe how amazing he is? Do you know what he did after the party tonight? He crept back onto the grounds of my father’s house and climbed up the side of the balcony to catch a glimpse of me. Oh, can you believe that!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Nurse said that he was quite attractive too! Oh those eyes†¦those lips. I can’t believe how incredibly lucky I am to have met him. It was almost as if it was fate for the t... An Entry in Juliet’s Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party Essay An Entry in Juliet’s Diary after Meeting Romeo at the Party (remember, Juliet is just 14)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dearest Diary,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tonight I met him. He was so beautiful! He even has a name that would roll of one’s tongue†¦.Romeo. How wonderful of a sound that brings to my ears. I wish, I hope, in fact, I know that he is my lord. The one and only lord that I want to have for my entire life. And, can you believe how amazing he is? Do you know what he did after the party tonight? He crept back onto the grounds of my father’s house and climbed up the side of the balcony to catch a glimpse of me. Oh, can you believe that!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Nurse said that he was quite attractive too! Oh those eyes†¦those lips. I can’t believe how incredibly lucky I am to have met him. It was almost as if it was fate for the t...

Sustainable Quebec

In a world in which we are always depleting our natural resources further and further every day, countries need to develop ways in which they can heavily reduce, or eliminate, their dependence on these limited resources. Studies show that the world's supply of conventional oil will only last another 42 to 93 years; we need to develop plans to eliminate our dependence on this fossil fuel before we run out. In order to accomplish this task, a country needs to find ways to create, harvest, or discover new sources of energy that can be used to power our communities. Along with using new technology to create new sources of energy, we also need to work towards cutting back on current energy usage. One great way to figure out such a plan is to look at cities that are already on their way to accomplishing this task. One such city is Quebec, Canada. Quebec, Canada is the 7th largest city in Canada. It's population as of 2006 is 715,515 residents. It's located just over 500 miles north of New York City. Quebec is one of the most sustainable countries in all of North America. This is primarily due to one of its largest companies; Hydro-Quebec. Hydro-Quebec is an electric company that primarily relies on hydropower to create its energy. It has managed to accomplish an amazing feat by reducing its dependence on fossil fuels. Hydro-Quebec is a big believer in environmental sustainability. They have considered all aspects involved, including air quality, water quality, vegetation control, bio-diversity, eliminating contamination, improving the quality of life, managing electric and magnetic fields, managing nuclear power, using resources wisely, overseeing environmental initiatives, and ensuring environmental acceptability, all while still striving to be as independent as possible from the use of fossil fuels. I will be talking about just a few of these in order to convey their efforts and dedication to the environment. Hydro-Quebec has accomplished something remarkable. Quebec's main source of power is hydro-power making up a whopping 94% of its total energy supply. Only 4% of Quebec is powered by oil, 1.8% by nuclear power, and 0.2% is powered by other means of energy. This is simply amazing as hydro-power is a completely renewable source of energy. The way that water is used to create electricity is a very simple process. Hydro-Quebec has made good use of many of its surrounding rivers. Turbines are placed along these rivers which use the constant flow of the water to turn them. The turbines are hooked up to a gear system which through the turning of these turbines create energy which is then fed into the power grid and delivered back to businesses and households. One may think that this would create eyesores at all of Quebec's rivers, but in all actuality Hydro-Quebec only uses 2% of all of Quebec's rivers in order to produce this electricity. Now that you know how Hydro-Quebec creates its energ y, let's look at how it ensures sustainability. Air quality is one of the biggest issues when it comes to sustainability. Almost every form of power generation emits green house gases (GHG). These gases destroy our air quality and contribute to destruction of the Ozone layer, and an increase to global temperatures worldwide. By using hydro-power, Hydro-Quebec has cut their GHG emissions by a great deal. Every resident of Quebec produces one-half the GHG emissions of the average Canadian citizen, and one-sixth of Alberta's citizens. When comparing Hydro-Quebec's atmospheric emissions to that of its neighboring systems (New England, NY State, Ontario, and New Brunswick) it is drastically lower. Using the measurement of tons per terawatt hours, Hydro-Quebec emits 16,104 of carbon dioxide (CO2) compared to the neighboring system with 366,660. When it comes to sulphur dioxide (SO2), Hydro-Quebec emits 75, with the neighboring system emitting 1,271. And finally for nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydro-Quebec emits, 29 compared to the systems, 455. These results clearly speak for themselves and show Hydro-Quebec's dedication to promoting high air quality. Another very important aspect of achieving sustainability is bio-diversity. With the use of natural rivers and streams there is obviously the risk of affecting aquatic wildlife. Hydro-Quebec has made valiant efforts to ensure minimal impact on these plants and animals. To operate their company Hydro-Quebec must build dams, generation stations, power lines, and substations, and in doing so wildlife protection must be considered. This is why Hydro-Quebec has taken measures to build and maintain their facilities in a way that has the least impact on fauna, flora and habitats. They also carry out initiatives to preserve biodiversity on their properties. Specific examples include creating solutions to benefit the following animals: Bald Eagle, Brook Trout, Eels, Lake Sturgeon, Mayapple, Shad, and Water Fowl. By protecting, and promoting the growth of these animals, Hydro-Quebec is playing a major part in increasing its city's bio-diversity, and getting just one step closer to a fully sust ainable city. Now that we have discussed how Hydro-Quebec is leading the way in Quebec to sustainability, we need to look at what the rest of the city is doing. Quebec's government as a whole is also doing their part to ensure the success of their future. Plans are in the works with Transportation-Quebec to improve all public means of transportation while ensuring public safety and convenience. Quebec has also partnered with the World Tourism Organization (WTO) to promote eco-tourism amongst its visitors. Along with their transportation industry, Loto-Quebec (Quebec's lottery program) is also doing their social part of having sustainability plans in place. There are many more companies, and organizations within Quebec that contribute to their sustainability, however I would have to go on for days in order to touch bases on all of them. It is rather apparent that Quebec has sustainability high in their priorities. Between running a full scale hydro-powered electric plant, and through organizing numerous projects with every aspect of Quebec's government and businesses, as a city, they are one of the most sustainable in North America. Considering all their results and performance, other cities looking to further their sustainability, should look to Quebec for ideas, guidance, and motivation.

Comparison Between Japan and America in Education

Every country perceives the importance of education. Any country that keeps their people uneducated or does not help to educate cannot make them as a responsible person. America and Japan both feel very strongly about education and that they need to have well educated people. Both of these countries have educational systems that are similar in some ways and yet very different in other ways. In order to understand the education between the two countries, it is useful to compare the system of the failure, school uniform, and entrance examination.First of all, there is a difference from the system of the failure between Japan and America. America adopts the system of the failure from the elementary school. When the teacher decides that the student should take the grade again because of his or her inadequate understanding for the class, the student must take the same curriculum. On the other hand, Japan does not adopt the system from the elementary school. The system is used from the hig h school. In Japan, the compulsory education is from the elementary school to the junior high school.Inside the period, the system of failure is not applied. In the case of the failure in Japan, thirty percent is the deadline in each test. In the system of the failure of the two countries, the primary education and the secondary education are completely different. However, from the higher education, the system is the same. Not only the system of failure, but also the school uniform is another difference. In Japan, almost all students wear the school uniform every day from elementary school to high school.It’s good for students themselves because they do not need to worry about their cloths every day. Their parents also do not care about the cost of the cloths. In contrast, almost all students in America do not wear the school uniform. Some private schools adopt the school uniform, but it is rare to see the uniform in America. As for the school uniform, there is no similarity. Furthermore, there are the difference and similarity in the entrance examination.In Japan, a lot of universities depend on the written test to measure the student’s academic ability. On the other hand, in America, many universities make a point of the student’s character. The essay is one of the good ways to make students express their own opinions. Although Japanese universities adopt the written test in the entrance examination, many high schools use the creative tests in the entrance examination to measure the students’ character. One of the good examples is the interview.Interviewer can know their character soon. Similarly, American schools use the telephone interview. In the entrance examination, there are the same ways and difference ways in the two countries. Although there are many similarities and differences between the educational systems of Japan and America, it is hard to declare that one is better than the other. It is useful to compare the educat ional system of the failure, school uniform, and entrance examination to understand the education between Japan and America.

11 Adorable Dogs That Are Aggressively Enjoying Summer

11 Adorable Dogs That Are Aggressively Enjoying Summer With summer officially here,  it’s time to kick back and let all the stress and worries of the world vanish. However, the reality is it’s not always easy to forget about our problems. Because we’re only human, our minds tend to fixate on our worries and stresses. But that’s where man’s best friend comes in. We’ve compiled a list of 11 adorable dogs that can help remind us that summer is meant to be enjoyed to its fullest. 1. Ever used your friend as a surf board?2. Michael Phelps might have some competitionSource: [The Huffington Post]3. Swimming with dolphins makes you cooler than 99% of people4.  This dog is a straight up savage5. How about jumping off of a freaking elephant6. What’s better than swimming with dolphins? How about riding a dolphin7. Go big or go home8. Underwater Frisbee  9. Can’t enjoy the summer fully without the help of your friends10. Sometimes it’s the simple things that bring you pure happines s11. And last but not least†¦slow mo’ CORGI WATER SLIDE!Source:[Giphy]

Rules for Writing Place Names with “The”

Rules for Writing Place Names with â€Å"The† Rules for Writing Place Names with â€Å"The† We live in the United States of America. Other countries go without a â€Å"the† – otherwise known as the definite article – before their names. Why is this? And what is it that makes America so much better than every other country? Even our dogs are patriotic. [Photo: Randy Robertson/wikimedia]Well, we’re proofreaders, meaning we’re not qualified to comment on the global status of particular countries. But we know plenty about language, so we can answer that first question. In fact, we’ll dedicate this entire blog post to explaining when (and when not) to add â€Å"the† before a place name. Read on to find out more! Countries and Continents The United States of America is not the only place that uses â€Å"the† in its name. There’s also â€Å"the United Kingdom,† â€Å"the Seychelles† and many others. Essentially, we use â€Å"the† for countries that encompass a group of places. So â€Å"the United States of America† is a group of states and â€Å"the Seychelles† is a group of islands. Most countries don’t require this article, since they’re considered a single place. The other situation when â€Å"the† is required is when a country’s name includes the word â€Å"republic,† like â€Å"the People’s Republic of China.† Other examples include: Definite Article No Article Required The United Kingdom England The Democratic Republic of Congo Senegal The Netherlands Belgium The Czech Republic Estonia It’s worth noting that some regions used to be described with â€Å"the† (e.g., â€Å"the Ukraine† or â€Å"the Argentine†), but that it’s incorrect to add â€Å"the† when describing the modern countries associated with these areas (e.g., Ukraine and Argentina). Since all continents, like â€Å"Europe† or â€Å"North America,† are singular, none require the definite article. We do, however, sometimes use â€Å"the† for the regions to which continents belong, so we might refer â€Å"the Antarctic† when discussing Antarctica. Also known as that place with the penguins. States, Cities and Regions States (e.g., Utah, Tennessee, Alabama) and cities (e.g., Michigan, Paris, Beijing) are almost always treated as single places. As such, they do not usually require the definite article. When discussing specific regions, on the other hand, it’s fairly common to add â€Å"the† before the place name. For instance, we might say â€Å"the Midwest of America† or â€Å"the South of France.† Lakes and Mountains Single lakes and mountains do not generally require the definite article (e.g., Lake Erie, Mount Hayes). It’s important to check, however, since there are exceptions, such as â€Å"the Matterhorn.† Furthermore, we do use â€Å"the† when describing a group of lakes (â€Å"the Great Lakes†) or a mountain range (â€Å"the Rockies†). It’s also conventional to use â€Å"the† when naming oceans (â€Å"the Atlantic†) and rivers (â€Å"the Mississippi†). Buildings, Streets and Monuments There are no special rules for whether buildings and place names require the definite article, so the best thing to do if you’re unsure is check. Examples include: Type of Place Definite Article No Article Required Building The Empire State Building Buckingham Palace Street The Mall, London Broadway, New York Monument The Statue of Liberty Christ the Redeemer THE Empire State Building.

World Trade Organisation Capability to Meet the Challenges Essay

World Trade Organisation Capability to Meet the Challenges - Essay Example WTO as an international welfare organization is entrusted with the responsibility of mitigating issues relating to multilateral trade policies. WTO during the year 2009 had planned to develop an effective governance structure on a global basis, as decided in the Public Forum, which was held in Geneva. The governance system is based on the concept of ‘Global Problems, Global Solutions: Towards Better Global Governance’. WTO has planned to enhance governance structure by the involvement of different sectors in the discussion that include government organizations, non-government organizations, the business community, trade unions, academic organizations, lawyers and journalist among others. The discussion in relation to the global problem of trade policies implied that multilateral trade policies based on rules might facilitate in recovering from the global economic crisis situation (WTO, 2009).        WTO, in order to mitigate the challenges in relation to global tra de, has developed ‘multilateral trade rule book’. The trade rulebook provided different trade aspects that include ‘Global Value Chain’ (VGC), ‘Spaghetti Bowl Effect’, Protectionism and Development Goals. WTO with the provision of VGC has planned to improve trade operations by simplifying global trade rules for better alignment with the present trade developments. Additionally, WTO has planned to impose better cross-border policies with the aim of ensuring that trade operations are conducted.

Effective Managment of Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Effective Managment of Change - Research Paper Example The change process was initially started by chairman Vanvelde who was employed in 2000. However, his policies remained quite successful in first 2 years i-e 2001 – 2002 but then failed to eradicate structural issues in the company. The company continued to expand its business operations in both domestic and global markets with the passage of time and diversified its business. The chairman enabled the firm to operate in new markets and improve its financial position by 2004 but internal inefficiencies had still remained a headache for strategic planners. As far as changes in the later period of 2005- 2008 is concerned, it is worthwhile to mention that M&S developed and implemented PLAN A in 2007 under guidance, supervision and leadership of Mr. Stuart Rose to eradicate structural problems and restore its competitiveness in the marketplace. The policies of Mr. Stuart helped in eradicating many management and administrative inefficiencies and restoration of employees’ confidence over strategic planners in M&A. The report will critically evaluate the overall change management and implementation process followed by a detailed SWOT analysis of Marks and Spencer in 2010. The report will also include forecasts about any future changes (and their management) and will finally end up with a conclusion. Change Management is a technique adopted by strategic planners and top managers to improve organisational efficiency, productivity and environment. The strategy is widely used as a part of Restructuring and Reengineering Program within an organisational context to ensure a discrimination organisational culture, open information sharing, shared values and experimentation so that employees can contribute more for goal accomplishment and financial gains. Our company Marks and Spencer is a leading manufacturer / producer, marketer and seller of top quality ready-made garments or apparel, shoes, food

CAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CAD - Essay Example Since the patient had a history of cardiovascular disease, and was also exposed to several risk factors, it would be prudent to carry out an ultra sound screening of carotid plaque. This is done by measuring the carotid intima media thickness using a standard ultra sound protocol. Douglas, Garcia & Haines (2011) state that the ultrasound detection of the carotid plaque has been used in helping asymptomatic patients, while also reducing the risks that may be associated with other screening tools (Platts, Brown & Javorsky, 2010). The other available option is the use of electrocardiograms that measures the electrical activity of the patient’s heart. Due to the fact that the patient in question electrocardiogram is used to measure the functioning of the heart to detect any malfunction. Without this, it may not be possible to determine other heart related conditions that the patient may suffering from. Platts, D., Brown, M., Javorsky, G. (2010). Comparison of fluoroscopic versus real time three- dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic guidance of endomyocardial biopsies. European Journal of Echocardiography, 34(32),

Gender Dimensions Of Punjabi Folklores

Gender Dimensions Of Punjabi Folklores The present study aimed to identify the gender images depicted in riddles posed by women and men of the rural areas. It was assumed that stereotypical images are depicted through riddles and gender images of riddles reveal a great deal about the societal attitudes toward gender and toward structuring the individuals identity and identification of the gender role. And by these riddles, gender roles has been analyzed in which women are seen as submissive, obedient and caregivers whereas the men are considered to be the breadwinners, prominent and strong. The study consisted of collection and documentation of riddles. The present study also intends to identify the contribution of women and men in the formulation of gender specific dimensions through riddles which articulated and reinforce the masculine and feminine images, prevalent in rural society of Punjab. Culture is the way of peoples life, which is consisting of both material as well as ideological components. Culture consist straight patterns of thought and behavior, including values, norm, belief, rules of political organization and economic activity etc. Culture isnt biological inheritance, it passed-on from one generation to the next by learning and oral transmition (Decorse Raymond, 1992). Every culture is different from other and has different cultural values. It is not a creation of single man but emerge through different people who lived there and share land and emotions (Maswan, 1977). Culture is mixture of norms, belief, and values, which are orally transmitted to one generation to another generation. Oral tradition is one of the oldest forms of art in any society that transmitted their values, belief and norms through communication. In world two third of it population are preferred to orally communicate (Kalim, 1978). Every culture has its own values and traditions, Pakistan as a culture contains multi-cultural values and traditions. It has lots of influence by their neighboring cultural areas like Central Asia, Iran, the Arab World and India. Pakistan has strong cultural and historical roots. Modern Pakistan was the land of Indus civilization which was mixture of Persian, Indo-Greek and Islamic cultures. Pakistan has been arranged by the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mongols and the British. Pakistani folklore contains elements of all of these cultures. In Pakistan first phase of folklore was collected and started by British rural (Report of SARRC Tourism of Pakistan, 2010). In Pakistan, because of different culture, the different languages are spoken. Each of the language spoken in Pakistan has unique quality of poems, songs, stories and proverbs which are associated with its cultural norms and values (Ultey, 1968). According to Agarwal, Punjab is a vast plain dotted with thousands of villages that are of great importance to be studied. Like other societies, the rural society of Punjab is a patriarchal society. Patriarchy is a phenomenon which is prevailing in most of the cultures in the world. It is a form of social organization that structures the dominance of men over women where social institutions construct gender differences in the society and women are considered as private or communal property and men as the natural heirs of all power (Agarwal, 1994). Quddus discussed in his research that, Punjabi is traditional language of Pakistan (Punjab) which is spoken since Middle age. The first written Punjabi sample was found in 13th century, which was short verse of Baba Farid Shakar Ganj. By the 16th century; Peeloo, a poet has notable contribution in Punjabi literature, who was also the writer of Mirza Sahiban. In Pakistan, mostly the folklores are prevailing in Punjab (Quddus, 1992). Folklore is a complex meaning of folk, which mean common people, and lore means the knowledge or traditions. Hence folklore is the tradition of common people and it is also a source to express the culture (Ultey, 1968). In oral tradition Folklore is considered as main source of information which moves in multiple generations. In Folklore and folk life, include the all way of living in that particular cultural through which people can become a member of that culture (Hassan, 1995). Research done by Quddus (1992) concluded that folklore plays the significant role to express the culture, through folklores the norms tradition and values are shared form one area to another or one generation to another. In Folklores basically the characteristic of that culture are shown, that also help to expose any culture within a particular population comprising the traditions of that culture, subculture, or group (Quddus, 1992). According to Ultey (1968), folklore helps to understand the past and also often help to shape the present. Folklore is then, is an important oral tradition, transmitted by word of mouth, source of learning in specific culture that starts from lullaby which used to sing when children are very little. Through lullabies, folk stories, proverbs, riddles, actually the roles and norms of that specific culture are transmitted and internalized by the person that how life can spend. These norms and tradition supports person through out the whole life. These folklores are dominating on whole part of mans life like folk song sing at the time of happiness, riddles proverb indirectly give the message of norm and belief (Ultey, 1968). Folklores are the oral literature and are also a form of socialization. Gender roles, in particular, are reflected in legends, tales, and myths etc traditionally shared in oral traditions of particular interest. Folklore oral literature provides a rich source of cultural history and socialization, transmitting and reinforcing messages associated with central values (Allen etal, 2006). Folklores work as vehicle, through which tradition circulate, like tool to transform values from one culture to another culture. Folklores serve both as entertainment as well as socialization, where gender roles and images are depicted. Through folklores the man and women socially accepted role is explained. These roles and duties are slowly changed with passage of time but still practices in any shape in world. Gender images created by folksongs can therefore reveal a great deal about the societal attitudes toward gender (Mahan, 1978). Tempest stated in her research that folklores are the most important tool of socialization as these are sometimes used as stereotype. Different kinds of stereotype roles are being presented through folklores (Tempest, 2001). Munir (1990) described in his research that, in Pakistan large number of unwritten folklores passes orally from generation to generation. The crafts, rituals, legends, epics, ballads, folk tales, songs dances and riddles are still alive today and there main characteristic are the mixture of different culture and region which makes the culture as unique and specific. But fusion of different culture doesnt become the cause of removal of originality of Pakistani culture. The patterns of culture clearly move on its own right way. This diversity and dynamic of cultural make our heritage powerful and alive (Munir, 1990). Shahed said that folk literature is changed and diminished due to urbanization. He stated that in older times folk literature was related to land, peasantry and traditional things but now knowledge is transformed because of urbanization (Shahed, 1993). Folklores have broad ranges of expression. It can be oral, material, and behavioral. folklores include; ballad which is traditional poem or folksong, fairy tales which are traditional stories, conveying stereotypical messages, folk dance are also called ethnic dance that are originated with the common people of the cultural group, folk song is a traditional song that is collected for different occasion and handed down orally, joke is a technique in which game of word play, in humorous way that provoke laughter, legends are traditional historical tales usually containing a mixture of fact and fiction but regarded as true, superstition is an irrational belief usually involving supernatural forces and associated with rituals, folk tales popular tales, which are love stories and mostly tragically ended, Folk games are those games which are traditionally very famous; these are practice and passed from generation to generation and riddles are linguistic puzzle in the form of a question whi ch also containing clues to its solution (Bruchac etal, 2004). Riddle is one of the aspects of folklore which is important medium for transmitting of culture, education, knowledge and skills to children. Riddles play important roles as a means of socialization and social learning. Riddles are actually puzzle, games of words, it can be comprised of one or two sentences or more than that, which can be solved through interaction and symbolic activities (Eastman Kallen, 1979). A riddle is a mysterious statement and description that contains a hidden meaning to be guessed by to whom it is addressed. Riddles also involve analogy of meaning, sound, Rhythm, or tone (Fant, 1985). Mostly riddles are taken as a game and structure of those riddle are like question, through its analyses and definition other people assume the answer. Riddles have binary relation, which has question and answer of it. Riddles are formulated in special sitting, in which two or more then two people sit in one place, one asks the riddles question and other person or persons guess its answer. Mostly these sitting are arranging in some occasion like harvesting, in evening, leisure time, in homes, in field and any other social meeting, where group of people assembled, belong to same culture; know about tradition, belief, etc (Burns, 1976). The riddling can be played in different ages of people. In some tradition only children engage in riddling. In some tradition adults can participate in the riddling of children, in some traditions riddling is mostly an adult hobby. In some traditions, riddling is mostly an activity associated with only males. But in the majority of cultures it is leisure-time activity or traditions, both male and female participate in this activity and they also participate in mixed groups including both women and men while elsewhere females are said to specialize in formulation of riddles. It is general belief that females are more intelligent than man and riddles require intelligence. Riddles mainly based on common household items, crops names, animals names, daily activities, heavenly objects, cultural artifacts, parts of the body, etc. (Green Pepicello, 1984) There are no proper and strict rules and regulations for riddling, that has to follow. But mostly two or three things are arranged before to start riddling, that is to have people who ask question or guess answer, and the event or scenario from which riddle asked. Nevertheless these rules are important, whether it is verbal activity. Riddles functions as umbrella categories, of socialization, entertainment, and education (Burns, 1976). According to Messengers (1960), Riddles are part of folklore so through folklores, culture and tradition are transferred from one generation to another. Riddle inculcates the culture and proper behavior of life in a child. Interesting sessions and repetition of asking riddles mostly memorize the children who repeat it with their friends, or other people and learn them (Messenger, 1960). Research done by Tempest (2001) found that riddles are type of folklores that are used to convey the stereotype messages. These stereotypes are also gender related and these riddles are mostly categorized between boys and girls, sons and daughters (Tempest, 2001). Another function of riddling is entertainment that plays in leisure time which is called leisure-time riddling. Riddling is also play in greeting occasion like marriage ceremony where people are gathered and enjoy their gathering (Burns, 1976). Riddle is usually played by people to entertain themselves during long winter nights. Of course it also helps to measure the intelligence of the people. Another time at which riddles are also played when people busy in field with harvesting they also play riddling for time pass and entertainment etc (Green Pepicello, 1984). According to Ishengoma (2005), riddles have important educational value because they develop critical thinking and memory among young children. It is meant for entertainment and education as well, especially for childs learning. In addition to enjoyment, riddles help in memory training for children as they are expected and encouraged to remember the correct answer to the riddles. They play important role in socialization and social learning of children. But riddles are still prevailing to use for education purpose as device to learn about cultural value, attitudes, and to teach dominant and submissive roles (Ishengoma, 2005). Green Pepicello (1984) discussed in the research that the main role of riddle is socialization of younger generation, that know about the items of daily routine like name of crops help to know about it, then their season of harvesting and using of that crops, these information are internalize through riddle. Riddles helped children to learn about gender roles and duties, their characteristic, culture and tradition according to which they spend their life (Green Pepicello, 1984). On the other side is also criticize that riddle has lacking the capacity to improve the mind, because riddle has stereotype question and answer and mostly answer is already known to the audience (Awedoba, 2000). Riddles have been a rich oral tradition, without doubt, throughout the world. Some societies play it in present times also. Now the concept of riddling is less in urban and rural population, but still play in rural population. Because in rural population has less source of entertainment like video, television, cinema and many others are not available. So people enjoy through riddles (Green Pepicello, 1984). Gender Roles are assigned by different folklores which gives identity. It means these biological and social characteristics become social-identity. These identities are internalizing in every person, and motivated to play these roles which actually culture associated with them, because those roles are socially and culturally accepted (Hassan, 1995). Culture also constructs the gender specific socio-economic differences in roles, responsibilities, constraints, opportunities and needs of men and women. These are set up in opposition to biological sex. Gender is a process of allocation of differences that is varied according to time and space, it needs to be historicized and situated geo-politically but also in terms of other structural variables such as social class, age, race, ethnicity, religion and sexuality. (Eagly, 1987) Gender roles are socially and culturally constructed and are a dynamic term that can be changed over time. Gender roles refer to the rights, responsibilities, expectations, and relationships of men and women. Gender is a logical concept for examining the status of women and men in a culture. Social Construction of gender is an end result of the process of socialization where the values, norms, beliefs, wisdom, philosophy, customs, skills and practices of the society are learned, acknowledged and internalized. (Njau, 1994) Through the process of socialization, values and behavior patterns associated with maleness and femaleness, are learned, acquired and assimilated. Gender roles are affected by socio-cultural expectations, qualities and behaviors that are expected from a male or a female by their society. These expectations originate in the pre-conception that certain qualities and roles are natural for women and unnatural for men. Males and females are socialized through social pressure, learning condition and act according to the different traits that society considers suitable for them. Socialization aims at preparing individuals for their respective roles in society, installing principles, forming individuals and making them practical members of society. Socialization means that people are taught to accept and perform the roles and functions fixed by society for them. Men and women are socialized to accept different gender roles from birth till death. Establishing different roles and expectations for men and women is a key feature of socialization in most societies. While men and women differ on account of their biological and anatomical constitution, gender differences are a product of socio-cultural traditions, which are created and perpetuated through cultural forms such as belief systems and rites as well as through proverbs and tales. (Kabira, 1994) Society is an enduring and cooperating social group, whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with each other. It is also a broad grouping of people having common traditions, collective activities and interests. Social groups develop society. Every society has its own norms, customs and traditions, which depend on its geographical and social culture also. Through socialization individuals, are prepared for their respective roles in society to make them useful members of society (Edgar, 1987). Male family members are considered the breadwinner and head of the household and make decisions for family members. The sexual division of labor is hierarchical with men on top and women on bottom. In Punjabi culture, it is society, who ascribes various roles for men and women in a fixed location and family life is determined by the men folk alone due to the customs of patrilineal character in the families that is found there. Customs and property generally flow from the male persons of the previous generation to the next generation and women of the family have no articulation in family matters. (Quduss, 1992) The study aims to look the functionality and importance of riddles in Punjabi society. The significance of the present study can be used as a source in reviewing the riddles that had been posed in past by village people and will present gender images depicted in riddles. It will also explain how gender is portrayed in these riddles and how this folklore play important role in socialization process. The present study also had a unique dimension as a very few researches had mainly focused on riddles. The purpose to conduct this research is to preserve our cultural-lore which was diminishing with the passage of time. The study would be focused towards collection and analysis of riddles. It was an attempt to capture and understand the feelings of people of the rural society of Punjab.

A Comparison of Love in Beloved and Secrets and Lies Essay -- Movie Fi

The Absence of Love in Beloved and Secrets and Lies  Ã‚   Love is arguably the most powerful emotion possessed by mankind; it is the impalpable bond that allows individuals to connect and understand one another. Pure love is directly related to divinity.   Without love, happiness and prosperity become unreachable goals.   An individual that possesses all the desired superficial objects in the world stands alone without the presence of love. For centuries love has been marveled by all that dare encounter it.   Countless books and poems have been transcribed to explain the phenomenon of love, but love surpasses all intellectual explanations and discussions.  Ã‚   Love is not a definition, but rather a thought, an idea.   This idea, the idea of love, burns inside us all.   Instinctually, every soul on Earth is addicted to love.   An addiction, that unless satisfied will contribute to the downfall of an individual in a society.   If one does not, or is not loved, one can not prosper among a society where love is an essential ing redient to joy and happiness. Love produces healthy relationships that in return produce healthy and secure environments for all its participants. Love allows the connection of two people; it is love that completes an individual.   In Toni Morrisons Beloved, and the motion picture Secrets and Lies, incomplete characters are illustrated and analyzed.   The incompleteness of these characters is a result of the absence of love.   In the text of Beloved and Secrets and Lies, Sethe and Cynthia are characters whose roles portray the rueful outcome of an individual that is incapable of possessing love in its purist form.   Sethe or Cynthia can not correctly express love because neither of them were loved as children. Only ... ...duce her own brother.  Ã‚   Cynthia is self-evidently terribly affected by the paucity of love in her life.   Morris later explains his sister as a victim of someone â€Å"who didn’t receive any love.†Ã‚   (Secrets and Lies) Love is the controlling factor in the lives of every individual, and as portrayed in the novel Beloved and the film Secrets and Lies love is not always pleasant. Characters from both texts find themselves incapable of expressing love, and therefore destroy several potential healthy relationships.   Overall love can be considered divine just as easily as it can be considered evil.   Sometimes the idea of love is lost somewhere, and those who can not manage to find an alternative source of emotion, must endure the pain and suffering of a loveless life.    Bibliography Morrison, Toni. Beloved.   New York:   Penguin Group, 1987. â€Å"Secrets and Lies†   

Internet Cafe Administration and Monitoring System Essay

Internet cafes are very abundant nowadays. Managing networked computers, payment, time in and time out of the client PCs are very important especially to the cafe owner or employee. In a computer cafe, the recording of time is under the responsibility of the cafe owner or employee who must work consistently, timely, efficiently and patiently to make his business work. Since system computerization is becoming a trend, the cafe owner needs a system to serve its customers better and efficiently. How will an Administration and Monitoring System for Ledion Internet and Networking Cafe help the business manage the client pc start and end times efficiently and accurately? Ledion Internet & Networking Cafe have their existing computerized system but is not reliable enough because there are times when the server automatically locks the client pc even when the time was not finished which the owner/employee was obliged to write the time starts and ends of the client pcs in a hard copy of MS Excel sheet. Since the Ledion Internet & Networking Cafe have its 3 branches. The main branch is located in 10th Avenue, Caloocan City near Caloocan City Hall; the other 2 branches are situated near Our Lady of Fatima University and University of Santo Tomas. The owner was not well-informed of what is happening in his other cafes unless he calls the employees in charge in other branches. It is very beneficial for the owner to solve the common problems they encounter on their everyday operation in the cafe.

Response Execution Essay

Creating an emergency response plan is very important in any business. There are different plans for medical, fire, police, and school. The following plans are imperative in any environment. There are many things that will happen and Incident Command System (ICS) will help to provide the responders with an effective system that works. But before we go into the structures, an understanding of an incident command system needs to be addressed. According to OSHA, n.d., â€Å"ICS is a standardized on-scene incident management concept designed specifically to allow responders to adopt an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and demands of any single incident or multiple incidents without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries†. ICS is a sub-model of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), as released by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2004.† An incident command system is referenced to an adaptable, scalable response association w hich provides a general agenda where people can work side by side efficiently. These people may come from many different agencies that do not normally work together, and an incident command system is intended to give regular response and operation procedures to decrease the troubles and possibility for miscommunication on such incidents. ICS has been summed up as a â€Å"first-on-scene† structure, where the first responder is in charge until the situation has been cleared up, a more experienced responder reaches your destination on scene and takes over, or the Incident Commander appoints someone else to take command of the situation. ICS includes measures to select and form provisional management chain of command to control funds, personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. Personnel are allocated according to recognized standards and measures up to that time that were sanctioned by participating powers that be. Incident command system is designed for use or appropriate from the time an incident starts until it is finished or is not needed. The first thing that needs to be done is crate a standard operating procedure. These procedures are â€Å"essential to the effective application of the ICS† (FEMA). They also provide a standard and job descriptions to which everyone should follow. This way everyone will know what their job entails. Also, according to FEMA, 1999, the other first step is to decide who the incident commander is. In most cases of fire, mass casualties, hazardous materials, and other non law enforcement emergency, the fire department is in command. According to FEMA, 1999, if there are multiple jurisdictions that respond, the incident commander is usually the fire department whose jurisdiction the fire is in. Law enforcement is usually responsible for managing all operations related to criminal incidents. Included in this category would be terrorism, bombing, snipers, hostage situations, and other things of this nature. After that, a commander needs to be appointed. This person is usually the one with most experience. The IC’s responsibilities are to access the situati on and/or receive an update from the prior IC. Then the strategy needs to be put into place. This would mean establishing the immediate proprieties. Next a post needs to be formed. Then the IC needs to make sure the panned meetings are being kept to ensure the safety everyone and that everything is going according to plan. Then they approve the use of or elimination of resources. According to FEMA, 1999, the IC is also responsible for the planning for the functions throughout the entire process. The medical field is a very important tool to have at any incident. They are there to provide first aid and any other medical necessities. There are many levels, and levels under these, of resources that are used. According to FEMA, 1999, the first level is stabilization. In this level, the incident commander continues to manage the incident and gives progress reports from the scene. This allows hospitals to know how many beds they are going to need. Demobilization is the next level. In this level, the responders are either sent back to the area they came from, set back in service after they transport a victim, or they are cancelled all together. The last level is termination. In this level, the incident commander decides that no further action is required and everyone is sent back to their units. The next thing we need to look at are the responsibilities of the incident commander. The first one, according to FEMA, 1999, is to rescue all victims. The second is making sure the victims are taken out of the situation and moved to a medical facility. And the third is to make sure the personnel are safe. Next we will look at fire and rescue. The organization of the incident command is almost the same as the medical responders. According to Fire and Rescue, 2008, the following are the organizational areas for fire and rescue: â€Å"Organization on the incident ground, this gives the Incident Commander a recognized system from which to work when organizing and using resources at an Incident, Incident Risk Management, the principal consideration of Incident Commanders is safety of their personnel. Therefore, prior to deciding upon the tactics an assessment of risk must be performed. The Incident Commander must identify the hazards, assess the risks, and implement all reasonable control measures before committing crews into a risk area, and Command Competence, considers the skills knowledge and understanding required by an Incident Commander and the importance of maintaining such competencies.† â€Å"As the incident develops, changing circumstances may make the original course of action inappropriate, for example: fire fighting tactics may change from defensive to offensive or vice versa, new hazards and their associated risks may arise, existing hazards may present different risks, and personnel may become fatigued. Incident commanders, therefore, need to manage safety by constantly monitoring the situation and reviewing the effectiveness of the existing control measures† (Fire Service Operations p. 68). There are six steps in the initial assessment of risk: 1. evaluate the situation at the earliest opportunity, 2. Introduce and declare Tactical mode the simple expression of whether it is appropriate to proceed to work in a hazard area or not. This is a device to enable commanders of dynamic emergency incidents to demonstrate their compliance with the principles of risk assessment and be seen to have done so. 3. Select safe systems of work. The starting point for contemplation must be procedures that have been agreed in pre-planning and training and those personnel available at the incident have sufficient competence to carry out the tasks safely. 4. Assess the chosen system of work, 5. Introduce additional control measures, and 6. Re-assess systems of work and additional control measures. The police are no different. They have a system to follow just like everyone else. According to the free library.com, Incident Command System makes things easier for the administration of critical incidents by arranging the reaction into sections. Any person in the organization can put into operation the Incident Command System into its full arrangement. The person who makes the first move to coordinate the Incident Command System response more often than not takes control on the scene, at the emergency command center, or at the field command post and is converted into the incident commander. Unless officially relieved, the incident commander remains in charge is the single person who is in charge and makes the decisions. Everything goes through them. The incident commander watches over the complete operation through sectors, or branches, which provide a manageable span of control. Sectors can be deleted, added, made bigger or smaller, or anything else that is needed during an incide nt. There are some that might not be needed at all during a specific incident. For instance, sectors often are elected logistics, operations, personnel, and intelligence. Incident Command System deployment during a major vehicle crash would not have need of the services of the intelligence sector. The staff would organize the needs of the equipment. This would include the vehicles necessary to aid in the incident. Leaders of each individual sector would let the incident commander know of thing or services they might need, permitting the incident commander without difficulty to match resources to existing circumstances or predict future demands. Checklists make certain that sector leaders complete necessary tasks during the emergency. Given the demands placed on personnel at the scene, sector leaders easily could fail to notice a possible resource or legal or departmental obligation. While not crucial in all deployments, the emergency command center (ECC(1) (Error-Correcting Code) A type of memory that corrects errors on the fly. See ECC memory. (2) (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) A public key cryptography method that provides fast decryption and digital signature processing. †¦.. Click the link for more information.) generally works in conjunction with Incident Command System. It also may be a separate function under the ICS umbrella. Characteristically, the ECC is stationed in one department’s command center or another central location, but it can be located anywhere sensible. Commanding officers from every agency involved in the incident should staff the ECC. They also have different response levels. They are: â€Å"Level I incidents require that one or two officers resolve minor traffic accidents, make arrests, or conduct light crowd control, level II incidents require the assistance of three or more officers. They usually involve several agencies and may cross jurisdictional boundaries. Examples include collisions that results in road closures or evacuations, and level III incidents involve three or more officers from multiple shifts, require support from other bureaus, districts, or agencies, and demand a significant response to contain, control, and recover from the emergency. Bombings and riots represent two types of Level III incidents† (â€Å"Incident Command Systems for Law Enforcement,† 2013). The Incident Command System is a straightforward yet exceedingly efficient technique of getting ready for critical incidents. It endorses a synchronized reaction to emergencies. It is an suitable resource because it provides a middle point for communication, authority, and control. Training is important because it trains the responders on what to expect. Careful Thorough record keeping keeps investigations on the right path and makes available an easy way to assess agencies’ response. At any given time, police somewhere in the world are organizing the on-scene actions of an emergency. Labor, facilities, equipment, and communication are among the countless issues they must consider to alleviate and control such incidents. When seconds count, Incident Command Systems let agencies handle emergencies promptly and assertively. References FEMA, 1999, Incident Command System for Emergency Medical Services, Student Manual. United States Fire Administration National Fire Academy. Fire Service Operations. (2008). Fire and Rescue Manual, 2(), . https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7643/incidentcommand.pdf. Incident Command Systems for Law Enforcement. (2013). In Free dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Incident+Command+Systems+for+Law+Enforcement.-a054061498 OSHA. (n.d.). Incident Command System. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/what_is_ics.html